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Education in Emergencies in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger: Funding, Access, and Partners

Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Western Africa regionalEducation in emergencies and humanitarian response44 evidence cards+ Keep watching this3 items to check

The humanitarian education response in the central Sahel is severely underfunded, with 2025 UN education cluster appeals facing shortfalls of 67% to 82% across Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger. While official donor funding for these sectors grew steadily through 2024, a 56% drop in overall US foreign assistance in 2025 suggests traditional funding pipelines may be contracting. Delivery is highly constrained by extreme insecurity and violence, making established international NGOs with deep local implementing networks the most viable partnership channels.

Where the risks are

Flood: Flood in Mali (Green, 2026-09-17)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2026-04-23)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2026-03-17)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2026-02-26)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2026-02-21)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2026-02-20)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2026-02-17)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2026-02-14)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso, Mali (Green, 2026-02-17)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2026-02-01)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2026-01-30)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2026-01-31)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2026-01-11)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-12-26)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-12-08)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-12-05)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-11-18)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-11-16)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-11-16)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-11-14)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-11-10)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-11-09)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-11-04)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali, Senegal (Green, 2025-10-29)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-11-01)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-10-27)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-11-05)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-11-03)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mauritania, Mali (Green, 2025-11-02)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-10-31)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-10-30)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-11-03)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-10-27)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-10-31)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-10-30)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-10-29)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-10-29)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-10-27)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-10-27)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-10-27)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-10-28)Wildfire: Forest fires in Mali (Green, 2025-10-05)Flood: Flood in Burkina Faso (Green, 2026-06-23)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso, Mali (Green, 2026-02-17)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2026-02-15)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2026-02-13)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2026-01-29)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2026-01-21)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2026-01-23)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2026-01-27)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2026-01-14)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire (Green, 2026-01-05)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2026-01-06)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire (Green, 2026-01-09)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2026-01-07)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2026-01-09)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2026-01-07)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire (Green, 2025-12-27)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2026-01-05)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-12-30)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-12-30)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-12-21)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-12-21)Wildfire: Forest fires in Benin, Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-12-05)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-12-09)Wildfire: Forest fires in Benin, Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-12-01)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-12-03)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-12-04)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-12-05)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-12-04)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-12-02)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-12-01)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-12-03)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso, Benin (Green, 2025-11-21)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-11-24)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-11-16)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-11-21)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-11-21)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-11-22)Wildfire: Forest fires in Niger, Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-11-23)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-11-17)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-11-15)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-11-11)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-11-12)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-11-03)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-11-07)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-11-11)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-11-02)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-11-03)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-11-03)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-10-31)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-11-01)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-10-31)Wildfire: Forest fires in Burkina Faso (Green, 2025-10-28)Flood: Flood in Niger (Green, 2026-06-10)Wildfire: Forest fires in Niger (Green, 2026-02-07)Wildfire: Forest fires in Niger (Green, 2026-01-25)Wildfire: Forest fires in Benin, Niger (Green, 2025-12-08)Wildfire: Forest fires in Niger (Green, 2025-12-05)

99 minor 0 moderate 0 severe · GDACS disaster alerts in these countries, last twelve months (hover for details). Outlines: Natural Earth.

Crises tracked by ACAPS

At a glance

8.6/10Crisis severity, MaliE37
5/5Access constraints, MaliE38
24%of Mali's 2025 appeal fundedE33
5.5%GDP growth projected, Mali 2026E40
99disaster alerts, last 12 monthsE41
Official funding rose 57% since 2019All official donors in scope, USD millions, gross disbursements
2019: 699.2 (USD millions)69920192020: 828.6 (USD millions)20202021: 1,056.7 (USD millions)20212022: 1,049.1 (USD millions)20222023: 1,058.1 (USD millions)20232024: 1,099.3 (USD millions)1,0992024

USD millions

Source: OECD Creditor Reporting System · E25

United States provides 25% of official fundingShare of all official donors, 2019 to latest year
United States25%
World Bank (IDA)15%
EU Institutions12%
UN CERF5%
Canada4%

Source: OECD Creditor Reporting System · E25

Mali's 2025 appeal was only 24% fundedUN humanitarian response plans, share of requirements funded, latest full year
Burkina Faso 202534%
Niger 202527%
Mali 202524%

Source: UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service · E33

Weakest score: political stability in Mali (23/100)Worldwide Governance Indicators, 0 to 100, higher is better; the tick marks 2019

Control of corruption

Mali28
Burkina Faso43
Niger35

Regulatory quality

Mali43
Burkina Faso47
Niger43

Rule of law

Mali38
Burkina Faso42
Niger41

Political stability

Mali23
Burkina Faso33
Niger36

Source: World Bank WGI · E42

The Education Funding Gap

Education in emergencies remains critically underfunded in ongoing humanitarian appeals. In 2025, Mali required USD 70.2m for its education cluster but received only USD 12.5m (18% coverage) E34. Burkina Faso covered 26% of its USD 43.4m requirement, and Niger 33% of USD 59.0m E34. Historically, the United States was the dominant funder, providing 25% of all official donor support to these sectors from 2019 to 2024, with its contributions peaking at USD 383.9m in 2024 E25. However, total US net ODA fell 56% in 2025 across all recipients (from USD 65,336.8m to USD 29,021.9m) E35, likely constraining future sector support. EU Institutions, the third-largest donor in this space, saw their overall global aid rise 48% in 2025, but their specific funding for this sector in these countries had already fallen from USD 111.5m in 2019 to USD 101.3m in 2024 E25E35. This signals an urgent need for flexible philanthropic capital to fill widening gaps.

Extreme Operating Constraints

Any education intervention must be designed around severe humanitarian access constraints and mass displacement. Mali faces "Extreme" (5 out of 5) access constraints driven by violence against aid workers and obstructed access to services E38. Burkina Faso and Niger are rated "Very high" (4 out of 5) due to ongoing hostilities, restricted movement, and physical constraints E38. As of August 2026, crisis severity is increasing in both Mali and Niger E37. Programming must also cater to highly mobile populations: in 2025, Burkina Faso hosted over 2.06 million internally displaced persons, while Niger and Mali hosted hundreds of thousands of both IDPs and refugees E39.

Potential Partners and Delivery Channels

Given the constrained access, most bilateral donors rely on NGOs to navigate local security dynamics. In Norwegian development data, 75% of disbursements in these sectors flowed through bilateral NGOs E3. Strong candidates for partnership include ADRA, which implements the ASPIRE inclusive education program targeting vulnerable and displaced children in Mali and Niger E18E21, and Plan International, which runs regional protective education interventions E19E20E23. Humanity and Inclusion focuses specifically on mainstreaming marginalized children and those with disabilities into schools across all three countries E17. The Norwegian Refugee Council (Flyktninghjelpen) is heavily active in broad humanitarian response and education facility support E10E24. For local implementation, Strømmestiftelsen has partnered with Malian associations like AMSS to deliver inclusive education E15. UNICEF remains a major multilateral option, managing large-scale quality education programs for girls E12.

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The Central Sahel region, encompassing Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger, faces a severe and protracted education crisis exacerbated by armed conflict, climate shocks, and displacement. The humanitarian response in these countries is significantly underfunded, particularly for education in emergencies (EiE).

  • Funding Gaps and Humanitarian Response Underfunding

The Central Sahel is classified as a "forgotten crisis" by the 2026 European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations list, experiencing severe or protracted emergencies with limited international assistance and political commitment. By the end of 2025, funding for UN humanitarian response plans for Mali and Niger covered only 20.8% and 24.8% of requirements, respectively, among the lowest globally. Burkina Faso fared marginally better with 33.5% funding coverage. Globally, only about one-third of total humanitarian funding requirements were met in 2025, with over 80% of requirements unfunded in Mali and over 70% in Burkina Faso for education. In 2026, the overall humanitarian response plan for Burkina Faso was only 20.3% funded, while Mali's plan was 23.5% funded. UNICEF reported that funding gaps in Niger exceeded 90% in child protection and education in 2025. Overall humanitarian funding for the Sahel reached a decade low in 2025, with only 29% of required funding received.

  • Access Constraints for Education

Conflicts and violence are major factors, with schools remaining targets for attacks. In 2024, the UN documented 10 attacks on schools in Burkina Faso, 10 in Mali, and five in Niger. The military use of schools also restricts access; for the 2022-2023 period, 11 cases were identified in Burkina Faso, three in Mali, and two in Niger. Grave violations against children, including killing, maiming, recruitment, abduction, and sexual violence, were verified by the UN in 2024, with 1,125 cases in Burkina Faso, 892 in Mali, and 329 in Niger. Insecurity has led to widespread school closures; by mid-2025, over 14,800 schools had closed across the region, affecting three million children. As of October 2025, 1,097 schools remained non-functional in Niger, impacting over 93,000 children. Climate crises, including recurring droughts, floods, and extreme weather events, have destroyed harvests, displaced millions, and forced schools to be used as temporary shelters. For instance, in 2024, flooding in Niger affected over 1.4 million people and damaged 5,520 classrooms. Displacement is a significant barrier, with nearly 2.1 million people internally displaced in Burkina Faso, 412,000 in Niger, and 361,000 in Mali at the end of 2024, severely disrupting education. Girls' education is further hampered by societal norms that prioritize boys' schooling, early marriage, and economic hardship.

  • Key Partners

Key organizations working on education in emergencies in the region include UNICEF, which conducted a regional study in 2024 on education system resilience and supports interventions. Education Cannot Wait (ECW), the UN global fund for education in emergencies, co-funded this study and supports interventions in "forgotten crises" like the Central Sahel. The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) publishes humanitarian overviews and appeals for funding. Other partners whose reports are cited include UNHCR, the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC), and CARE. The Global Partnership for Education (GPE) supports national education system strengthening. Donors mentioned include the United States Department of State and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). Over 100 partners, including host governments, UN agencies, civil society organizations, philanthropic foundations, and private sector actors, collaborate to expand access to education in crisis settings.

Sources

  1. reliefweb.int · official
  2. unocha.org · official
  3. unicef.org · official
  4. unocha.org · official
  5. eiehub.org · unverified site, treat with caution
  6. nmcdn.io · unverified site, treat with caution
  7. educationcluster.net · unverified site, treat with caution
  8. unric.org · unverified site, treat with caution

Humanitarian funding by cluster, 2025 (UN OCHA FTS) E34

CountryClusterRequired (USD m)Funded (USD m)Coverage
Burkina FasoFood Security273.1104.738%
Burkina FasoWater Sanitation Hygiene95.29.710%
Burkina FasoHealth53.727.651%
Burkina FasoNutrition53.310.920%
Burkina FasoProtection - Child Protection53.25.711%
Burkina FasoMulti-sector49.611.924%
Burkina FasoEmergency Shelter and NFI48.29.119%
Burkina FasoEducation43.411.326%
MaliFood Security254.941.216%
MaliNutrition71.517.224%
MaliEducation70.212.518%
MaliMulti-sector62.212.720%
MaliEmergency Shelter and NFI51.711.121%
MaliMultipurpose Cash44.10.10%
MaliHealth43.414.634%
MaliWater Sanitation Hygiene42.95.312%
NigerFood Security189.046.825%
NigerProtection103.222.922%
NigerEducation59.019.233%
NigerEmergency Shelter and NFI53.63.87%
NigerNutrition52.712.323%
NigerHealth39.76.416%
NigerWater Sanitation Hygiene29.713.646%
NigerProtection - Gender-Based Violence24.82.08%

UN OCHA FTS, national humanitarian response plans 2025, eight largest clusters by requirement, USD millions; retrieved 2026-09-24. Burkina Faso 2025 largest donors: United States of America, Government of USD 83.8m; European Commission's Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Department USD 37.3m; European Commission USD 12.8m; Germany, Government of USD 12.5m; United Kingdom, Government of USD 10.7m. Mali 2025 largest donors: European Commission's Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Department USD 35.5m; United States of America, Government of USD 25.0m; Germany, Government of USD 22.6m; Switzerland, Government of USD 14.9m; United States Department of State USD 8.6m. Niger 2025 largest donors: European Commission's Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Department USD 22.5m; Germany, Government of USD 17.1m; Central Emergency Response Fund USD 12.3m; United States Department of State USD 11.7m; Italy, Government of USD 11.1m.

Humanitarian access constraints: ACAPS, Sep 2026 E38

CountryCrisisAccess constraints (0-5)LevelPeople's access to aidAid actors' access to peopleSecurity and physical constraintsStrongest constraints
MaliComplex crisis in Mali5Extreme545obstructed access to services and aid; restricted movement within the country; violence against aid workers and assets; ongoing insecurity or hostilities; physical constraints (terrain, climate, infrastructure)
Burkina FasoConflict and Climatic Shocks in Burkina Faso4Very high435restricted movement within the country; ongoing insecurity or hostilities; physical constraints (terrain, climate, infrastructure)
NigerComplex crisis in Niger4Very high535obstructed access to services and aid; restricted movement within the country; ongoing insecurity or hostilities; physical constraints (terrain, climate, infrastructure)

ACAPS Humanitarian Access dataset, Sep 2026 edition (API); retrieved 2026-09-24. Scores 0 (no constraints) to 5 (extreme), from three pillars and nine indicators; countries without a tracked crisis are not listed. Mali: the most constrained crisis is Complex crisis in Mali (5 of 5, Extreme). Burkina Faso: the most constrained crisis is Conflict and Climatic Shocks in Burkina Faso (4 of 5, Very high). Niger: the most constrained crisis is Complex crisis in Niger (4 of 5, Very high).

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Evidence

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Show all 43 evidence cards
E1 Norwegian disbursements by year · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)
YearDisbursed (NOK)AgreementsShare of all Norwegian aid to these recipients
2021289.9 m3849.1%
2022268.6 m3448.6%
2023312.0 m3245.9%
2024252.7 m3360.6%
2025213.1 m2949.6%
Total1,336.3 m

Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Western Africa regional; DAC sectors 111, 112, 113, 720, 730, 740; 2021–2025. Trend: 289.9 m in 2021 → 213.1 m in 2025 (-27%); peak 312.0 m in 2023.

E2 Largest agreement partners · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)
PartnerTypeDisbursed (NOK)AgreementsYears
FlyktninghjelpenNGO Norwegian463.7 m122021–2025
StrømmestiftelsenNGO Norwegian164.2 m62021–2025
UNOCHA - UN Office of Co-ordination of Humanitarian AffairsMultilateral institutions127.5 m72021–2025
Kirkens NødhjelpNGO Norwegian77.3 m72021–2025
ADRA-NorgeNGO Norwegian75.4 m102021–2025
Redd Barna NorgeNGO Norwegian70.1 m52021–2025
UNICEF - United Nations Children's FundMultilateral institutions61.2 m22021–2025
Norges Røde KorsNGO Norwegian47.4 m42021–2025
Atlas-alliansenNGO Norwegian45.9 m72021–2025
Caritas NorgeNGO Norwegian30.9 m52021–2025
Government of NigerGovernments/Ministries in developing countries30.8 m12021–2022
WFP - World Food ProgrammeMultilateral institutions27.0 m32022–2023

Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Western Africa regional; DAC sectors 111, 112, 113, 720, 730, 740; 2021–2025. Agreement partner labels as recorded; not resolved organisation identities.

E3 Channels: who receives the funds · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)
Partner typeAssistance typeDisbursed (NOK)ShareAgreements
NGO NorwegianBilateral1,008.0 m75%62
Multilateral institutionsEarmarked to multilaterals215.0 m16%13
NGO InternationalBilateral55.0 m4%6
Governments/Ministries in developing countriesBilateral30.8 m2%1
NGO Other donor countriesBilateral27.6 m2%2

Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Western Africa regional; DAC sectors 111, 112, 113, 720, 730, 740; 2021–2025.

E4 What the money is for (sub-sectors) · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)
Sub-sectorDisbursed (NOK)Agreements
10 - Material relief assistance and services469.2 m23
20 - Primary education445.3 m20
50 - Relief co-ordination and support services136.9 m8
40 - Emergency food assistance114.7 m6
20 - Education facilities and training67.6 m3
30 - Vocational training40.1 m4
12 - Education in Emergencies27.1 m5
30 - Teacher training24.3 m7
11 - Basic Health Care Services in Emergencies9.6 m3
10 - Education policy and administrative management1.6 m2

Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Western Africa regional; DAC sectors 111, 112, 113, 720, 730, 740; 2021–2025.

E5 Where Norway spends in this sector (recipients) · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)
RecipientDisbursed (NOK)Rank among countries
Global Unspecified10,654.6 m—
Ukraine9,192.8 m1
Syria3,433.2 m2
Palestine2,880.7 m3
Afghanistan1,525.3 m4
South Sudan1,373.8 m5
Sudan1,264.1 m6
Ethiopia1,164.5 m7
Lebanon1,077.3 m8
Middle East Regional1,012.7 m—
Mali555.4 m16
Niger387.5 m21
Burkina Faso268.2 m24
Western Africa regional125.2 m—

All recipients; DAC sectors 111, 112, 113, 720, 730, 740; 2021–2025. 94 recipients in scope. Regional and unallocated lines (e.g. Global Unspecified) are shown but not ranked.

E6 Policy markers (share of disbursements tagged significant or principal) · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)
MarkerShare
Gender equality80%
Climate adaptation6%
Climate mitigation0%
Disability inclusion29%

Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Western Africa regional; DAC sectors 111, 112, 113, 720, 730, 740; 2021–2025. Donor-reported OECD policy markers; not outcome evidence.

E7 Largest agreement: Burkina Faso. Humanitarian Response · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-20/0048-1 — "Burkina Faso. Humanitarian Response" in Burkina Faso. Partner: Flyktninghjelpen (NGO Norwegian). Sector: 10 - Material relief assistance and services. Active 2020–2024; 103.9 m NOK in the selected years; 127.9 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Humanitarian response in Burkina Faso.

E8 Largest agreement: Mali. Humanitarian Response · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-20/0048-7 — "Mali. Humanitarian Response" in Mali. Partner: Flyktninghjelpen (NGO Norwegian). Sector: 10 - Material relief assistance and services. Active 2020–2024; 102.1 m NOK in the selected years; 122.6 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Humanitarian response in Mali

E9 Largest agreement: NRC Towards Community Self-Reliance through the Nexus Approach TCSN · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement MLI-22/0002 — "NRC Towards Community Self-Reliance through the Nexus Approach TCSN" in Mali. Partner: Flyktninghjelpen (NGO Norwegian). Sector: 40 - Emergency food assistance. Active 2022–2024; 60.0 m NOK in the selected years; 60.0 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: The overall objective of the project is to improve the food security and enhance social cohesion and self-reliance of communities affected by crises in Gao and Mopti regions in an environment that protects their rights. Climate-smart and climate-resilient food production are amongst the project activities. The project target group consists of vulnerable IDPs (60%) and hosts communities (40%) facing food insecurity within the crisis affected region of Gao and Mopti. The project will promote women's active participation to enable them to have more influence on decisions and self-reliance.

E10 Largest agreement: Education activities in Mali · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-17/0277-1 — "Education activities in Mali" in Mali. Partner: Flyktninghjelpen (NGO Norwegian). Sector: 20 - Education facilities and training. Active 2017–2024; 55.6 m NOK in the selected years; 123.1 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Improvement of access, quality and governance through primary and secondary education in the regions of Timbuktu and Kidal, Mali. The project is a collaboration between NRC and IRC. Additional funding for COVID-19 response: NOK 7.5 million in 2020 - targeting reduced transmission of Covid-19 and other transmissible diseases among targeted populations / people affected by displacement in the regions of Timbuktu and Mopti, Mali

E11 Largest agreement: Humanitarian assistance · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-20/0052-7 — "Humanitarian assistance" in Mali. Partner: Kirkens Nødhjelp (NGO Norwegian). Sector: 10 - Material relief assistance and services. Active 2020–2025; 51.8 m NOK in the selected years; 60.6 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Save lives, alleviate suffering and protect human dignity. Focus:WASH, SGBV, ASRH and protection.

E12 Largest agreement: Quality Education for Girls in Mali and Niger (UNICEF) · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement RAF-19/0053 — "Quality Education for Girls in Mali and Niger (UNICEF)" in Western Africa regional. Partner: UNICEF - United Nations Children's Fund (Multilateral institutions). Sector: 20 - Primary education. Active 2019–2021; 50.0 m NOK in the selected years; 120.0 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Mali: 87,000 children, particularly girls, aged 7-18 have increased access to quality basic education, remain in school and succeed in 14 school districts of Sikasso and Kayes Regions. Niger: Over150,000 school-age children, particularly girls, go to school and acquire knowledge and the fundamental skills necessary for life in a safe, protective and inclusive school environment. Programmes integrates protection, health and social norms (child marriage, early pregnancy) components.

E13 Largest agreement: Niger. Humanitarian Response · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-20/0048-8 — "Niger. Humanitarian Response" in Niger. Partner: Flyktninghjelpen (NGO Norwegian). Sector: 10 - Material relief assistance and services. Active 2020–2024; 48.5 m NOK in the selected years; 57.5 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Humanitarian response in Mali.

E14 Largest agreement: Inclusive quality education and lifelong learning · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-18/0355-14 — "Inclusive quality education and lifelong learning" in Mali. Partner: Strømmestiftelsen (NGO Norwegian); implementing: APSM - Protestant Association of Health in Mali. Sector: 20 - Primary education. Active 2019–2023; 40.6 m NOK in the selected years; 61.1 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Formal and/or non-formal education for disadvantaged groups enables rights-holders to increasingly have their rights met

E15 Largest agreement: Inclusive quality education and lifelong learning · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-23/0188-7 — "Inclusive quality education and lifelong learning" in Mali. Partner: Strømmestiftelsen (NGO Norwegian); implementing: AMSS - Association Malienne pour la Survie au Sahel. Sector: 20 - Primary education. Active 2024–2025; 36.2 m NOK in the selected years; 36.2 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Marginalised and disadvantaged children and adolescents enjoy inclusive quality education for lifelong learning. The program work to ensure access to public services for vulnerable groups and strengthen civil society organisations to hold governments responsible for human rights and ensure inclusive participation of citizens in decision-making. It has measures to ensure inclusion of persons with disability in all their activities. Gender equality is explicitly promoted in the activity and girls/women’s access to services promoted. The program aims to contribute to reduced social and economic inequalities between men/boys and girls/women. The programme will especially target IDPs and people with disabilities

E16 Largest agreement: Mali Appeal · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-23/0004-22 — "Mali Appeal" in Mali. Partner: Norges Røde Kors (NGO Norwegian); implementing: ICRC - International Committee of the Red Cross. Sector: 10 - Material relief assistance and services. Active 2023–2025; 35.0 m NOK in the selected years; 35.0 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Support to ICRC's Mali Appeal. International humanitarian law aims to prevent and alleviate suffering in war without discrimination based on sex, but recognize that women face specific problems in armed conflict, such as sexual violence and risks to their health. It recognizes this in the general protection it affords to both women and men, as well as in some specific provisions providing additional protection to women.

E17 Related project (semantic match): Handicap International Federation (HI), Inclusive Education in Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement RAF-17/0036 — "Handicap International Federation (HI), Inclusive Education in Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso" in Western Africa regional. Partner: HI - Humanity and Inclusion (former Handicap International) (NGO International). Sector: 20 - Primary education. Active 2017–2022; 67.6 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: This project seeks to support children with disabilities as well as other marginalized children, including refugee children and internally displaced children, their families, communities, school stakeholders, education authorities, and civil society organizations to successfully welcome and include marginalized children into mainstream schools in Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso.

E18 Related project (semantic match): Action to Strengthen Partnerships for Inclusion Resilience and Education · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-23/0192-5 — "Action to Strengthen Partnerships for Inclusion Resilience and Education" in Mali. Partner: ADRA-Norge (NGO Norwegian); implementing: ADRA - local office. Sector: 20 - Primary education. Active 2024–2025; 12.3 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: ASPIRE program will improve student access, retention, attendance, health and wellbeing in secure and inclusive learning environments in Gourma-Rharous, Timbuktu and Ber Circles, Timbuktu Region, of Mali. Targeted support for the most vulnerable including girls, children living with disabilities and internally displaced children. It will strengthen competence and wellbeing of teachers to provide effective teaching. It will build the capacity of CSOs to engage in dialogue and advocacy.

E19 Related project (semantic match): Quality Education and Protection from violence in Mali · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement RAF-21/0013-3 — "Quality Education and Protection from violence in Mali" in Mali. Partner: Plan International (NGO International). Sector: 12 - Education in Emergencies. Active 2021–2023; 6.8 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Protective measures through education in Mali.

E20 Related project (semantic match): Quality education as a protective measure in Sahel · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement SAF-20/0004 — "Quality education as a protective measure in Sahel" in Western Africa regional. Partner: Plan International (NGO International). Sector: 12 - Education in Emergencies. Active 2020–2022; 7.2 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Protective measures through education in Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso. Uphold education and protection (with weight on SGBV) through covid 19 lockdown and work to get children back to school when they reopen.

E21 Related project (semantic match): Action to Strengthen Partnerships for Inclusion Resilience and Education · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-23/0192-10 — "Action to Strengthen Partnerships for Inclusion Resilience and Education" in Niger. Partner: ADRA-Norge (NGO Norwegian); implementing: ADRA - local office. Sector: 20 - Primary education. Active 2024–2025; 15.1 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Learners in communes of Tagazar, Balleyara, Dargol and Gotheye, in Tillaberi region of Niger will improve learning outcomes, access and participation in inclusive and safe learning environmental. It will provide education pathways for marginalized, out-of-school children, girls, children with disabilities in remote areas. It will strengthen competence and wellbeing of teachers to provide effective teaching. It will build the capacity of CSOs to engage in dialogue and advocacy.

E22 Related project (semantic match): Action to Strengthen Partnerships for Inclusion Resilience and Education · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-23/0192-6 — "Action to Strengthen Partnerships for Inclusion Resilience and Education" in Mali. Partner: ADRA-Norge (NGO Norwegian); implementing: ADRA - local office. Sector: 72 - Household food security programmes . Active 2024–2025; 4.6 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Youth and women in Gourma-Rharous, Timbuktu and Ber Circles of Mali will be trained in sustainable and climate-smart rural livelihoods, improved seed production and will establish links with the various markets. The ASPIRE program will enhance food security through community and school gardens, promoting women's economic empowerment; integrate climate education and champion environmentally sustainable agriculture practices, including tree-planting initiatives, to strengthen community resilience.

E23 Related project (semantic match): Quality Education and Protection from violence in Burkina Faso · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement RAF-21/0013-2 — "Quality Education and Protection from violence in Burkina Faso" in Burkina Faso. Partner: Plan International (NGO International). Sector: 12 - Education in Emergencies. Active 2021–2023; 12.3 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Protective measures through education in Burkina Faso.

E24 Related project (semantic match): Mali - NRC Strategic Partnership Agreement · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-25/0010-24 — "Mali - NRC Strategic Partnership Agreement" in Mali. Partner: Flyktninghjelpen (NGO Norwegian). Sector: 10 - Material relief assistance and services. Active 2025–2025; 34.5 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Flyktninghjelpen/NRC in Mali works to ensure people affected by displacement are protected, they can access services in line with core humanitarian standards and that they are effectively supported in their journey to building self-reliance, including fighting hunger and attaining durable solutions. Sectors include Education, Livelihoods and food security (LFS), Shelter and settlements, Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). The project design is informed by a gender analysis, and all indicators are disaggregated by sex.

E25 Who else funds this: all official donors (OECD CRS) · OECD DAC Creditor Reporting System

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RankDonor2019 (USD m)2020 (USD m)2021 (USD m)2022 (USD m)2023 (USD m)2024 (USD m)Share
1United States124.7186.3231.0213.7295.5383.925%
2International Development Association [IDA]97.758.7218.7178.9151.1172.715%
3EU Institutions111.5133.5105.8117.0123.9101.312%
4Central Emergency Response Fund [CERF]32.951.024.572.633.767.05%
5Canada38.043.062.944.839.630.24%
6France33.656.128.461.739.221.44%
7Switzerland40.138.441.834.237.334.94%
8Sweden23.023.634.737.328.833.73%
9Luxembourg26.126.532.929.436.619.23%
10Norway22.428.826.426.627.923.43%
All official donors699.2828.61,056.71,049.11,058.11,099.3100%

OECD Creditor Reporting System, gross disbursements, current USD millions; recipients BFA, MLI, NER (combined); DAC sectors 111, 112, 113, 720, 730, 740; retrieved 2026-09-24. 52 individual donors report in scope. Latest OECD year lags national data. All official donors: Trend: USD 699.2m in 2019 → USD 1,099.3m in 2024 (+57%); peak USD 1,099.3m in 2024. United States: Trend: USD 124.7m in 2019 → USD 383.9m in 2024 (+208%); peak USD 383.9m in 2024. International Development Association [IDA]: Trend: USD 97.7m in 2019 → USD 172.7m in 2024 (+77%); peak USD 218.7m in 2021. EU Institutions: Trend: USD 111.5m in 2019 → USD 101.3m in 2024 (-9%); peak USD 133.5m in 2020.

E26 Other donors' largest projects in scope (OECD CRS, 2023 to 2024) · OECD Creditor Reporting System (project-level records)

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DonorProjectChannel of deliveryRecipientDisbursed (USD m)
United StatesTitle II Emergency ProgramWorld Food ProgrammeBurkina Faso, Mali, Niger79.5
United StatesEmergency food assistanceUnited Nations (UN) agency, fund or commissionBurkina Faso, Niger67.6
United StatesEmergency Humanitarian AssistanceDonor country-based NGOBurkina Faso, Mali, Niger56.4
International Development Association [IDA]B. Faso - Education Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP)Recipient GovernmentBurkina Faso53.4
United StatesHumanitarian AssistanceWorld Food ProgrammeBurkina Faso, Mali, Niger53.1
International Development Association [IDA]Niger Public Sector Management for Resilience and Service Delivery ProgramRecipient GovernmentNiger47.1
United StatesEmergency food assistanceWorld Food ProgrammeBurkina Faso, Mali, Niger45.5
International Development Association [IDA]Niger Learning Improvement for Results in Education ProjectRecipient GovernmentNiger39.7
United StatesTitle II Emergency Commodity Credit Corporation FundWorld Food ProgrammeBurkina Faso, Mali35.6
United StatesHumanitarian AssistanceDonor country-based NGOBurkina Faso, Mali, Niger34.0
United StatesMcGovern-Dole ProgramDonor country-based NGOBurkina Faso, Mali30.5
International Development Association [IDA]Mali Improving Education Quality and Results for All Project (MIQRA)Recipient GovernmentMali27.9

OECD CRS project-level records, gross disbursements 2023 to 2024, current USD millions; recipients BFA, MLI, NER; DAC sectors 111, 112, 113, 720, 730, 740; Norway excluded (see the Norwegian data); retrieved 2026-09-24. 1517 projects from 49 donors report in scope. Titles and descriptions are donor-reported; a project may cover more than the sector named.

E27 Other donor's project: Action Against Hunger: HUM 2021-2025 (Sweden) · OECD Creditor Reporting System (project-level records)

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Donor: Sweden. Channel of delivery: International NGO. Recipient: Burkina Faso, Niger. Purpose: Material relief assistance and services. Disbursed USD 5.3m in 2023 to 2024. Description (donor-reported): The mission of AAH is to save, improve and protect lives by eliminating hunger through the prevention, detection and treatment of undernutrition, especially during and after emergency crises caused by situations of conflict, displacement, poverty, discrimination, inequality, or natural disaster. The funding to Action Against Hunger (AAH) in 202, which is encompassed in decision nr 2022-001383, is based on the Sida humanitarian allocation process that took place in late 2021 and 2022. The current decision concerns a financial contribution to AAH amounting to 411,5 MSEK.The following modality of support is financed:1. Country Programmes/annual projects in 20 countries †348,5 MSEK,2. Rapid Response Mechanism - 50 MSEK,3. Capacity Building Support †8 MSEK,4. Method Support †5 MSEK.During 2022 the programme and project support covers the following 20 countries/crises: Burkina Faso, Cent

E28 Other donor's project: NRC's Humanitarian Programme 2021-2025 - NRC Humanitarian Country programmes 2021-2025 (Sweden) · OECD Creditor Reporting System (project-level records)

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Donor: Sweden. Channel of delivery: International NGO. Recipient: Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger. Purpose: Material relief assistance and services. Disbursed USD 3.2m in 2023. Description (donor-reported): NRC has applied as well to Sida for funding of 364.5 million SEK to carry out “the Humanitarian Programme for 2021” in 26 humanitarian crisis settings: Afghanistan, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Libya, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Honduras, El Salvador, Mexico, Palestine, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania/Burundi, Uganda, Venezuela, Yemen. The application includes provision of 40 million SEK to replenish the Rapid Response Mechanism funding instrument and 7 individual projects for method, capacity-building and coordination.The intervention’s tentative total budget is 4 263 200 000 Norwegian krona (NOK), that the organisation is financing with Sida’s funding in a proportion of 8% approximately. Other donors, like the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, DG ECHO,

E29 Other donor's project: NRC's Humanitarian Programme 2021-2025 - NRC Humanitarian Country programmes 2021-2025 (Sweden) · OECD Creditor Reporting System (project-level records)

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Donor: Sweden. Channel of delivery: Donor country-based NGO. Recipient: Mali, Niger. Purpose: Material relief assistance and services. Disbursed USD 2.7m in 2024. Description (donor-reported): NRC has applied as well to Sida for funding of 364.5 million SEK to carry out the Humanitarian Programme for 2021 in 26 humanitarian crisis settings: Afghanistan, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Libya, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Honduras, El Salvador, Mexico, Palestine, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania/Burundi, Uganda, Venezuela, Yemen. The application includes provision of 40 million SEK to replenish the Rapid Response Mechanism funding instrument and 7 individual projects for method, capacity-building and coordination.The intervention's tentative total budget is 4 263 200 000 Norwegian krona (NOK), that the organisation is financing with Sida's funding in a proportion of 8% approximately. Other donors, like the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, DG ECHO, UNHCR, et

E30 Other donor's project: FAO HUM 2021-2025 (Sweden) · OECD Creditor Reporting System (project-level records)

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Donor: Sweden. Channel of delivery: Food and Agricultural Organisation. Recipient: Mali, Niger. Purpose: Emergency food assistance. Disbursed USD 2.4m in 2023. Description (donor-reported): Sida’s humanitarian support to FAO enables the organisation to respond to emergencies by protecting and restoring livelihoods with a particular focus on agriculture and livestock while addressing acute food insecurity for the most vulnerable affected by conflict and climate shocks. Through this support, FAO will focus on the phases 3-5 in the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) i.e. (3) Crisis, (4) Emergency and (5) Catastrophe/Famine. FAO's new strategic framework 2022-2030 places the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the centre of its operations. In terms of programme priority areas related to humanitarian interventions, FAO will focus on agriculture and food emergencies in countries facing, or at risk of acute food insecurity, by providing urgent livelihood and nutrition assistance. The strategic framework states that by 2023 FAO aims to assist 60 million peopl

E31 Other donor's project: The Challenge of girls' Education in Mali - Improved Demand, Access and Retention/Le défi de l'éduca (Canada) · OECD Creditor Reporting System (project-level records)

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Donor: Canada. Channel of delivery: Private sector in provider country. Recipient: Mali. Purpose: Basic life skills for youth; Education facilities and training. Disbursed USD 2.2m in 2023 to 2024. Description (donor-reported): The Défi éducation des filles (DÉFI)- (challenge to Girls education) project aims to improve education so that it becomes inclusive, equitable and of high quality for vulnerable girls in conflict-affected areas in the regions of Ségou, Mopti, Gao and Timbuktu. This project plans to improve specifically the situation of out-of-school girls and boys. Savings and loan groups that aim to support girls' education and train teachers and school leaders in gender-sensitive pedagogy will also be supported.The project works to change social norms and other barriers to girls' education. It does so through a communication approach based on interactive radio broadcasts. It also seeks to better education services by improving the performance of the public sector in the provision of equitable educational services. The project offers vocational training to girls who can no longer access primary educatio

E32 Other donor's project: WFP HUM 2022-2025 (Sweden) · OECD Creditor Reporting System (project-level records)

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Donor: Sweden. Channel of delivery: World Food Programme. Recipient: Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger. Purpose: Emergency food assistance; Relief co-ordination and support services. Disbursed USD 7.8m in 2023 to 2024. Description (donor-reported): Sida will contribute a total of 348 million SEK to WFP to respond to the humanitarian needs of affected populations during 2022, within two main categories: a) Crisis response through food, nutrition and resilience assistance - 274 MSEK, and b) enhanced access through UN Humanitarian Air Services - 74 MSEK.This support will be channelled through WFP's Country Strategic Plans (CSP) in 18 crises: Afghanistan - Crisis Response (50 MSEK), Burkina Faso - UNHAS (4 MSEK), Cameroon - UNHAS (4 MSEK), Central African Republic (CAR) - UNHAS (9 MSEK), Chad - UNHAS (4 MSEK), Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) - Crisis Response (35 MSEK) and UNHAS (10 MSEK), Ethiopia - Crisis Response (65 MSEK), Mali - UNHAS 5 MSEK, Mozambique - Crisis Response (7 MSEK) and UNHAS (3 MSEK), Myanmar - Crisis Response (14 MSEK), Niger - UNHAS (4 MSEK), Nigeria - Crisis Response (20 MSEK) and UNHAS (15 MSEK), Somalia - Cr

E33 Humanitarian response plans: required vs funded (UN OCHA FTS) · UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service

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CountryYearRequired (USD m)Funded (USD m)Coverage
Burkina Faso2024934.6430.046%
Burkina Faso2025792.6269.134%
Burkina Faso2026 (in progress)658.5133.420%
Mali2024701.6308.344%
Mali2025771.3188.124%
Mali2026 (in progress)577.9135.924%
Niger2024662.2364.155%
Niger2025603.0163.227%
Niger2026 (in progress)675.6107.116%

UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service, national humanitarian response plans 2024 to 2026, USD millions; retrieved 2026-09-24. Humanitarian appeals only (not development aid). The current year is still being funded. Coverage = funded / required.

E34 Humanitarian funding by cluster, 2025 (UN OCHA FTS) · UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service

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CountryClusterRequired (USD m)Funded (USD m)Coverage
Burkina FasoFood Security273.1104.738%
Burkina FasoWater Sanitation Hygiene95.29.710%
Burkina FasoHealth53.727.651%
Burkina FasoNutrition53.310.920%
Burkina FasoProtection - Child Protection53.25.711%
Burkina FasoMulti-sector49.611.924%
Burkina FasoEmergency Shelter and NFI48.29.119%
Burkina FasoEducation43.411.326%
MaliFood Security254.941.216%
MaliNutrition71.517.224%
MaliEducation70.212.518%
MaliMulti-sector62.212.720%
MaliEmergency Shelter and NFI51.711.121%
MaliMultipurpose Cash44.10.10%
MaliHealth43.414.634%
MaliWater Sanitation Hygiene42.95.312%
NigerFood Security189.046.825%
NigerProtection103.222.922%
NigerEducation59.019.233%
NigerEmergency Shelter and NFI53.63.87%
NigerNutrition52.712.323%
NigerHealth39.76.416%
NigerWater Sanitation Hygiene29.713.646%
NigerProtection - Gender-Based Violence24.82.08%

UN OCHA FTS, national humanitarian response plans 2025, eight largest clusters by requirement, USD millions; retrieved 2026-09-24. Burkina Faso 2025 largest donors: United States of America, Government of USD 83.8m; European Commission's Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Department USD 37.3m; European Commission USD 12.8m; Germany, Government of USD 12.5m; United Kingdom, Government of USD 10.7m. Mali 2025 largest donors: European Commission's Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Department USD 35.5m; United States of America, Government of USD 25.0m; Germany, Government of USD 22.6m; Switzerland, Government of USD 14.9m; United States Department of State USD 8.6m. Niger 2025 largest donors: European Commission's Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Department USD 22.5m; Germany, Government of USD 17.1m; Central Emergency Response Fund USD 12.3m; United States Department of State USD 11.7m; Italy, Government of USD 11.1m.

E35 Donors' total aid (net ODA), all recipients (2021 to 2025, 2025 provisional) · OECD DAC1 (includes preliminary data)

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Donor2021 (USD m)2022 (USD m)2023 (USD m)2024 (USD m)2025 (USD m) provisional
United States47,528.260,328.764,461.965,336.829,021.9
EU Institutions20,639.127,165.937,544.235,654.152,904.8
Canada6,257.79,274.19,058.08,422.910,131.3
France16,721.917,560.915,862.015,073.813,905.7
Switzerland3,911.44,496.45,191.64,557.24,513.5
Sweden5,937.65,463.85,481.94,829.05,769.2
Luxembourg539.4530.1580.3596.5694.2
Norway4,673.05,161.05,292.94,905.35,156.8

OECD DAC1, net ODA disbursements to all recipients and sectors, current USD millions; retrieved 2026-09-24. Shows each donor's overall aid, not its spending in this country or sector. 2025 figures are the OECD's preliminary estimates of aid already disbursed that year (not forecasts) and may be revised. United States: USD 65,336.8m in 2024 → USD 29,021.9m in 2025 (-56% in one year). EU Institutions: USD 35,654.1m in 2024 → USD 52,904.8m in 2025 (+48% in one year). Canada: USD 8,422.9m in 2024 → USD 10,131.3m in 2025 (+20% in one year). France: USD 15,073.8m in 2024 → USD 13,905.7m in 2025 (-8% in one year). Switzerland: USD 4,557.2m in 2024 → USD 4,513.5m in 2025 (-1% in one year). The same donors in this country and sector (OECD CRS, gross disbursements; ends earlier): United States: USD 124.7m in 2019 → USD 383.9m in 2024. EU Institutions: USD 111.5m in 2019 → USD 101.3m in 2024. Canada: USD 38.0m in 2019 → USD 30.2m in 2024. France: USD 33.6m in 2019 → USD 21.4m in 2024. Switzerland: USD 40.1m in 2019 → USD 34.9m in 2024. Sweden: USD 23.0m in 2019 → USD 33.7m in 2024. Luxembourg: USD 26.1m in 2019 → USD 19.2m in 2024. Norway: USD 22.4m in 2019 → USD 23.4m in 2024.

E36 Crisis risk: INFORM Risk Index 2026 · INFORM Risk Index (EU Joint Research Centre)

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CountryINFORM Risk 2026 (0-10)ClassRank (1 = highest risk)Hazard & exposureVulnerabilityLack of coping capacityINFORM Risk 2022
Mali7.2Very high13 of 1917.96.87.07.0
Burkina Faso7.3Very high12 of 1917.77.46.96.4
Niger7.7Very high8 of 1917.97.47.87.4

INFORM Risk Index 2026, EU Joint Research Centre with IASC partners; retrieved 2026-09-24. Scores 0-10, higher means a higher risk that a humanitarian crisis overwhelms national capacity; the earlier score is from the published edition of that year, whose method differed slightly. Mali: the highest of the three dimensions is Hazard & exposure (7.9); read the score through that dimension. Mali: INFORM Risk 7.0 in 2022 → 7.2 in 2026 (Very high → Very high). Burkina Faso: the highest of the three dimensions is Hazard & exposure (7.7); read the score through that dimension. Burkina Faso: INFORM Risk 6.4 in 2022 → 7.3 in 2026 (High → Very high). Niger: the highest of the three dimensions is Hazard & exposure (7.9); read the score through that dimension. Niger: INFORM Risk 7.4 in 2022 → 7.7 in 2026 (Very high → Very high).

E37 Humanitarian crisis severity: INFORM Severity - August 2026 · ACAPS INFORM Severity Index (via HDX)

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CountryCrisisDriversSeverity (1-10)CategoryTrend (last 3 months)Complexity (1-10)Data reliability
MaliComplex crisis in MaliConflict/ Violence, Drought/drier conditions, Political/economic crisis8.6Very HighIncreasing8.5High
Burkina FasoConflict and Climatic Shocks in Burkina FasoConflict/ Violence, Drought/drier conditions, Floods8.4Very HighStable8.1High
NigerComplex crisis in NigerConflict/ Violence, Drought/drier conditions, Floods7.8HighIncreasing8.4High

ACAPS INFORM Severity Index, monthly edition published on the Humanitarian Data Exchange; retrieved 2026-09-24. It rates the severity of ongoing crises (impact, conditions of people affected, complexity); countries without an active crisis are not listed.

E38 Humanitarian access constraints: ACAPS, Sep 2026 · ACAPS Humanitarian Access

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CountryCrisisAccess constraints (0-5)LevelPeople's access to aidAid actors' access to peopleSecurity and physical constraintsStrongest constraints
MaliComplex crisis in Mali5Extreme545obstructed access to services and aid; restricted movement within the country; violence against aid workers and assets; ongoing insecurity or hostilities; physical constraints (terrain, climate, infrastructure)
Burkina FasoConflict and Climatic Shocks in Burkina Faso4Very high435restricted movement within the country; ongoing insecurity or hostilities; physical constraints (terrain, climate, infrastructure)
NigerComplex crisis in Niger4Very high535obstructed access to services and aid; restricted movement within the country; ongoing insecurity or hostilities; physical constraints (terrain, climate, infrastructure)

ACAPS Humanitarian Access dataset, Sep 2026 edition (API); retrieved 2026-09-24. Scores 0 (no constraints) to 5 (extreme), from three pillars and nine indicators; countries without a tracked crisis are not listed. Mali: the most constrained crisis is Complex crisis in Mali (5 of 5, Extreme). Burkina Faso: the most constrained crisis is Conflict and Climatic Shocks in Burkina Faso (4 of 5, Very high). Niger: the most constrained crisis is Complex crisis in Niger (4 of 5, Very high).

E39 Displacement: people hosted (2025, UNHCR) · UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics

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CountryYearRefugees hostedAsylum seekersInternally displaced
Mali2025286,715322414,524
Burkina Faso202540,9961,9572,062,534
Niger2025385,98650,004459,585

UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics API, end-year figures by country of asylum; retrieved 2026-09-24. Internally displaced counts cover people UNHCR protects or assists and may be zero where it does not report them.

E40 Economic outlook (IMF World Economic Outlook) · IMF World Economic Outlook

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CountryMeasure20252026 (projection)2027 (projection)
MaliReal GDP growth (%)4.95.55.7
Burkina FasoReal GDP growth (%)5.04.94.8
NigerReal GDP growth (%)6.96.76.5
MaliInflation, average consumer prices (%)2.32.22.0
Burkina FasoInflation, average consumer prices (%)-0.51.52.1
NigerInflation, average consumer prices (%)-4.60.42.0
MaliGovernment gross debt (% of GDP)41.940.839.7
Burkina FasoGovernment gross debt (% of GDP)52.048.847.1
NigerGovernment gross debt (% of GDP)45.445.544.9

IMF World Economic Outlook via the DataMapper API; retrieved 2026-09-24. 2026 and 2027 are IMF projections and are revised twice a year.

E41 Recent disaster alerts (GDACS, 2025-09-24 to 2026-09-24) · GDACS (UN OCHA and EU Joint Research Centre)

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CountryHazardAlertsHighest alert levelDate of highest alertLatest alert (any level)
MaliWildfire41Green2026-04-232026-04-23
MaliFlood3Green2026-09-172026-09-17
MaliDrought2Orange2026-04-212026-04-21
Burkina FasoWildfire51Green2026-02-172026-02-17
Burkina FasoFlood1Green2026-06-232026-06-23
NigerWildfire92Green2026-03-232026-03-23
NigerFlood6Green2026-09-222026-09-22
NigerDrought2Green2026-06-212026-06-21

Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (UN OCHA and EU Joint Research Centre), automatic near-real-time alerts; retrieved 2026-09-24. Green = limited expected impact, Orange = moderate, Red = severe; one disaster can raise several alerts. Mali orange/red alerts: Drought in Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Somalia, South Sudan, Uganda (Orange, 2026-04-21); Drought in Kenya, Somalia (Orange, 2025-05-21).

E42 Governance and investment climate · World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators

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CountryMeasureScoreYearScore 2019
MaliControl of corruption28202432
MaliPolitical stability and absence of violence23202431
MaliRegulatory quality43202445
MaliGovernment effectiveness26202430
MaliRule of law38202443
MaliVoice and accountability35202448
MaliFDI net inflows (% of GDP)3.42024
Burkina FasoControl of corruption43202444
Burkina FasoPolitical stability and absence of violence33202445
Burkina FasoRegulatory quality47202447
Burkina FasoGovernment effectiveness34202439
Burkina FasoRule of law42202450
Burkina FasoVoice and accountability40202455
Burkina FasoFDI net inflows (% of GDP)-0.92024
NigerControl of corruption35202439
NigerPolitical stability and absence of violence36202446
NigerRegulatory quality43202445
NigerGovernment effectiveness36202438
NigerRule of law41202448
NigerVoice and accountability40202448
NigerFDI net inflows (% of GDP)1.82024

World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators (scores 0-100, higher is better; perception-based composites with wide margins of error) and World Development Indicators for FDI; retrieved 2026-09-24. WGI scores rank countries relative to each other; small differences are not meaningful.

E43 Country indicators — Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger · World Bank World Development Indicators

Open the source ↗

CountryIndicatorValueYear
Burkina FasoPopulation24,074,5802025
Burkina FasoPrimary school enrolment (% net)78.62018
Burkina FasoSecondary school enrolment (% gross)30.02024
Burkina FasoLearning poverty (% of 10-year-olds unable to read)73.92019
Burkina FasoUnder-5 mortality (per 1,000 live births)74.92024
Burkina FasoPrevalence of undernourishment (% of population)13.12023
MaliPopulation25,198,8212025
MaliPrimary school enrolment (% net)58.92018
MaliSecondary school enrolment (% gross)38.92023
MaliLearning poverty (% of 10-year-olds unable to read)90.42012
MaliUnder-5 mortality (per 1,000 live births)73.02024
MaliPrevalence of undernourishment (% of population)12.32023
NigerPopulation27,917,8312025
NigerPrimary school enrolment (% net)65.12017
NigerSecondary school enrolment (% gross)19.92024
NigerLearning poverty (% of 10-year-olds unable to read)90.42019
NigerUnder-5 mortality (per 1,000 live births)110.72024
NigerPrevalence of undernourishment (% of population)12.92023

World Bank World Development Indicators, most recent value; retrieved 2026-09-24. Most recent non-empty year differs by indicator.

How this brief was made

Scoped as: To understand the current funding landscape, gaps, access constraints, and potential partners for education in emergencies in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger to inform funding decisions.

Data path: Norwegian aid open data → Databricks Delta (bronze/silver/gold, reconciled) → Lakebase Postgres serving tables → SQL aggregates + pgvector semantic search over 20k agreement descriptions. Live: OECD CRS (all donors), World Bank WDI, Google Search grounding.

Models: plan gemini-2.5-flash, brief gemini-3.1-pro-preview (HIGH). Timings (s): inform 0.0, governance 0.0, outlook 0.0, severity 0.0, access 0.0, refugees 1.32, humanitarian 1.62, portfolio 2.58, disasters 3.14, indicators 4.92, oecd 8.47, oecd_totals 8.47, oecd_projects 14.82, plan 8.43, web 11.03, web_compare 5.78, compose 39.56, total 70.59.

Trace checks:

Draft for review. Figures come from the evidence cards; highlighted figures could not be traced automatically. Web research is a lead, not verified evidence.

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