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Flood Preparedness and Emergency Response in Nepal and Bangladesh

Nepal, BangladeshEmergency Response and Disaster Prevention & Preparedness42 evidence cards+ Keep watching this3 items to check

Nepal has recently experienced severe flood events, while Bangladesh faces compounding climatic and economic crises, but the donor funding heavily favors Bangladesh. The United States and the International Development Association (IDA) dominate funding in this sector, though total US global aid saw a sharp provisional cut in 2025. Direct funding to local partners is largely absent in the data; major donors route their investments through multilaterals and international NGOs, meaning your local partners will need to navigate sub-granting structures.

Where the risks are

Flood: Flood in Nepal (Green, 2026-09-12)Earthquake: Earthquake in Nepal (Green, 2026-09-08)Earthquake: Earthquake in Nepal (Green, 2026-08-26)Flood: Flood in Nepal (Green, 2026-08-12)Earthquake: Earthquake in Nepal (Green, 2026-07-19)Flood: Flood in Nepal (Green, 2026-07-08)Flood: Flood in Nepal (Green, 2026-06-14)Flood: Flood in Nepal (Green, 2026-05-16)Wildfire: Forest fires in Nepal (Green, 2026-04-16)Wildfire: Forest fires in Nepal (Green, 2026-04-12)Wildfire: Forest fires in Nepal (Green, 2026-04-10)Wildfire: Forest fires in India, Nepal (Green, 2026-04-10)Earthquake: Earthquake in Nepal (Green, 2025-10-14)Drought: Drought in China, India, Nepal (Green, 2025-01-21)Flood: Flood in Bangladesh (Green, 2026-09-10)Flood: Flood in Bangladesh (Green, 2026-07-09)Flood: Flood in Bangladesh (Green, 2026-05-13)Flood: Flood in Bangladesh (Green, 2026-04-28)Wildfire: Forest fires in Bangladesh, India (Green, 2026-04-12)Wildfire: Forest fires in Bangladesh, India (Green, 2026-04-15)Wildfire: Forest fires in India, Bangladesh (Green, 2026-04-10)Wildfire: Forest fires in Bangladesh (Green, 2026-04-11)Wildfire: Forest fires in Bangladesh (Green, 2026-04-10)Wildfire: Forest fires in Bangladesh, India (Green, 2026-04-10)Wildfire: Forest fires in Bangladesh, India (Green, 2026-04-10)Wildfire: Forest fires in Bangladesh, Myanmar (Green, 2026-03-23)Wildfire: Forest fires in Bangladesh (Green, 2026-03-27)Wildfire: Forest fires in Bangladesh (Green, 2026-03-27)Wildfire: Forest fires in Bangladesh (Green, 2026-03-28)Wildfire: Forest fires in Bangladesh (Green, 2026-03-31)Wildfire: Forest fires in Bangladesh (Green, 2026-03-24)Wildfire: Forest fires in Bangladesh (Green, 2026-03-26)Wildfire: Forest fires in Myanmar, Bangladesh (Green, 2026-03-24)Flood: Flood in Nepal (Orange, 2025-10-03)Earthquake: Earthquake in Bangladesh (Orange, 2026-02-27)Earthquake: Earthquake in Bangladesh (Orange, 2025-11-21)Flood: Flood in Nepal (Red, 2026-08-26)

33 minor 3 moderate 1 severe · GDACS disaster alerts in these countries, last twelve months (hover for details). Outlines: Natural Earth.

Crises tracked by ACAPS

At a glance

6.6/10Crisis severity, BangladeshE35
2/5Access constraints, BangladeshE36
3.0%GDP growth projected, Nepal 2026E38
37disaster alerts, last 12 monthsE39
Official funding broadly flat since 2019All official donors in scope, USD millions, gross disbursements
2019: 811.9 (USD millions)81220192020: 703.9 (USD millions)20202021: 744.8 (USD millions)20212022: 720.2 (USD millions)20222023: 697.5 (USD millions)20232024: 800.3 (USD millions)8002024

USD millions

Source: OECD Creditor Reporting System · E25

United States provides 29% of official fundingShare of all official donors, 2019 to latest year
United States29%
World Bank (IDA)29%
United Kingdom10%
EU Institutions7%
Australia6%

Source: OECD Creditor Reporting System · E25

Weakest score: control of corruption in Bangladesh (26/100)Worldwide Governance Indicators, 0 to 100, higher is better; the tick marks 2019

Control of corruption

Nepal35
Bangladesh26

Regulatory quality

Nepal46
Bangladesh40

Rule of law

Nepal52
Bangladesh40

Political stability

Nepal59
Bangladesh41

Source: World Bank WGI · E40

Flood Risks and Humanitarian Access

Both countries carry a 'High' INFORM crisis risk driven by extreme hazard and exposure (Nepal 6.0, Bangladesh 8.4) E34. In Nepal, the Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System triggered a 'Red' severe impact alert for floods on 2026-08-26, and the ongoing flood crisis is rated as medium severity (4.3) E35E39. Access constraints in Nepal are low (1 of 5) and strictly physical, such as terrain and climate E36. In Bangladesh, climatic shocks are rated at a high severity (6.6) with an increasing trend, compounded by a projected 10.0% inflation rate in 2025 E35E38. While floods specifically face low access constraints, the broader operational environment in Bangladesh is moderately constrained (2 of 5) by bureaucratic interference and obstructed access to services E36.

The Donor Landscape

Total official donor funding for this sector in both countries remained largely flat, moving from USD 811.9m in 2019 to USD 800.3m in 2024 E25. The United States (29% share) and IDA (29% share) are the largest funders; US sector funding here grew 54% to USD 266.5m in 2024 E25. However, provisional data shows total US global aid fell 56% in 2025, which may impact future availability E33. The UK was previously a major funder here but cut its sector funding by 67% from USD 167.4m in 2019 to USD 55.3m in 2024 E25. Norway's recorded spending is highly concentrated: between 2021 and 2025, it disbursed 437.2m NOK in Bangladesh compared to just 4.4m NOK in Nepal E5.

Pathways for Local Partners

Direct funding to local organizations is not visible in the primary data. Norway channels 66% of its funding in this sector to multilaterals (such as WFP and UNHCR) and 34% to Norwegian NGOs (like Flyktninghjelpen and Kirkens Nødhjelp) E2E3. Local implementers typically engage as sub-grantees: for example, the Norwegian NGO Strømmestiftelsen implements resilience and DRR work via KIRDARC in Nepal, and Utviklingsfondet partnered with NCDC E18E22. Other major donors follow similar patterns, utilizing the World Bank, WFP, and international NGOs E26E29E30. Programmatically, US-funded projects emphasize community-level mobilization, funding the formation of local disaster response teams, early warning systems, and local government capacity building E27E28.

Current context from the web — search leads, verify before use

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Where current reporting differs from the brief

Read the full web research (8 sources)

Recent reports highlight significant flood risks and humanitarian responses in Nepal and Bangladesh, alongside ongoing efforts in disaster preparedness and donor funding.

In Nepal:

  • Current Flood Risks: A major flash flood occurred on August 26, 2026, entering Nepal via the Bhote Koshi River and causing substantial damage across Rasuwa, Nuwakot, and Dhading districts. Authorities are investigating the possibility of a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) as its cause. Prior to this, heavy monsoon rains between September 26-28, 2024, triggered widespread floods and landslides across 21 districts, affecting over 518,000 households and leading to an estimated $341.97 million in economic losses.
  • Access Constraints: Damaged roads and bridges continue to impede access to critical education, health, water, and sanitation services in hard-hit communities following the September 2026 floods.
  • National Disaster Preparedness: Nepal's disaster response system is governed by the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act, 2017, with the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority (NDRRMA) coordinating responses. District Disaster Management Committees in Rasuwa and Nuwakot had updated their "Disaster Preparedness and Response Plans 2026" just weeks before the August 2026 flood. Nepal also employs a well-established flood warning system, which sent over 600,000 early warning text messages to vulnerable communities in August 2026.
  • Major Donor Funding:
  • The UN and Humanitarian Country Team launched the Nepal Floods Response Plan in October 2024, seeking US$17.5 million to assist 193,000 vulnerable individuals.
  • The World Bank approved $150 million in contingent financing in October 2024, available for immediate access following a natural or climate-induced hazard. In September 2026, the World Bank also made up to $170 million in emergency financing available for the August 2026 floods.
  • In October 2024, the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) allocated up to $6.5 million for anticipatory action by UN agencies and partners to assist up to 238,831 people in flood-prone areas.
  • UNFPA required US$3.5 million for urgent services following the August 2026 floods, with US$3.2 million still needed as of September 2026.

In Bangladesh:

  • Current Flood Risks: In July 2026, severe monsoon-induced floods and landslides affected over 1.1 million people across 10 districts, primarily in the south-eastern and north-eastern regions. This followed widespread flooding in August 2024, which impacted 5.8 million people across 11 districts and caused an estimated USD 1.20 billion in damage. Cyclone Remal in May 2024 also affected 4.6 million people and triggered subsequent flash floods. Overall, recurring floods since mid-June 2024 have affected an estimated 14.6 million people across various regions.
  • Access Constraints: Damaged roads and landslides in the Chattogram Hill Tracts constrained humanitarian access in July 2026. While governmental transitions in mid-2024 initially posed challenges to access and communication, these constraints have since been resolved for the Cyclone and Monsoon Floods HRP (June 2024 to March 2025).
  • National Disaster Preparedness: Bangladesh has a comprehensive, multi-hazard national disaster risk reduction strategy that aligns with the Sendai Framework, emphasizing proactive risk reduction and integrating climate change adaptation. The National Plan for Disaster Management (NPDM) 2021-2025 guides implementation, including early warning systems, protective infrastructure, and community-based preparedness.
  • Major Donor Funding:
  • The Humanitarian Response Plan for Cyclone and Monsoon Floods in Bangladesh (June 2024 to March 2025) requested approximately USD 134 million to support 2.5 million affected individuals. This plan concluded in March 2025.
  • Approximately $8.5 million from CERF and UN agencies was provided for anticipatory action related to Jamuna basin flooding in 2024, benefiting over 600,000 people.
  • The Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved a $71 million loan in March 2024 for flood control, irrigation, and water resource management to enhance climate resilience.
  • An IFRC Emergency Appeal launched in September 2024 sought CHF 6 million for flood response, with 47% funding confirmed by November 2024.
  • UNICEF is appealing for $188.2 million for child-focused humanitarian support in 2025, addressing climate disasters among other crises.

Sources

  1. reliefweb.int · official
  2. reliefweb.int · official
  3. un.org · official
  4. un.org · official
  5. reliefweb.int · official
  6. cafamerica.org · unverified site, treat with caution
  7. un.org.np · unverified site, treat with caution
  8. nepaleconomicforum.org · unverified site, treat with caution

Who else funds this: all official donors (OECD CRS) E25

RankDonor2019 (USD m)2020 (USD m)2021 (USD m)2022 (USD m)2023 (USD m)2024 (USD m)Share
1United States173.3145.9258.6228.2227.2266.529%
2International Development Association [IDA]212.6207.8189.2248.8203.9224.929%
3United Kingdom167.4119.450.930.236.655.310%
4EU Institutions34.049.554.555.740.166.87%
5Australia30.150.255.241.553.147.16%
6Japan38.219.832.826.433.329.54%
7Central Emergency Response Fund [CERF]15.315.117.217.218.021.02%
8Canada24.518.418.48.28.46.02%
9Norway9.811.014.08.711.94.91%
10Germany21.918.05.12.73.83.81%
All official donors811.9703.9744.8720.2697.5800.3100%

OECD Creditor Reporting System, gross disbursements, current USD millions; recipients BGD, NPL (combined); DAC sectors 720, 740; retrieved 2026-09-24. 48 individual donors report in scope. Latest OECD year lags national data. All official donors: Trend: USD 811.9m in 2019 → USD 800.3m in 2024 (-1%); peak USD 811.9m in 2019. United States: Trend: USD 173.3m in 2019 → USD 266.5m in 2024 (+54%); peak USD 266.5m in 2024. International Development Association [IDA]: Trend: USD 212.6m in 2019 → USD 224.9m in 2024 (+6%); peak USD 248.8m in 2022. United Kingdom: Trend: USD 167.4m in 2019 → USD 55.3m in 2024 (-67%); peak USD 167.4m in 2019.

Humanitarian access constraints: ACAPS, Sep 2026 E36

CountryCrisisAccess constraints (0-5)LevelPeople's access to aidAid actors' access to peopleSecurity and physical constraintsStrongest constraints
NepalFloods in Nepal1Low013physical constraints (terrain, climate, infrastructure)
BangladeshMultiple crises in Bangladesh2Moderate223obstructed access to services and aid; interference in humanitarian work; physical constraints (terrain, climate, infrastructure)
BangladeshDisplacement of Rohingyas to Bangladesh2Moderate223obstructed access to services and aid; interference in humanitarian work
BangladeshClimatic shocks and political/economic crisis in Bangladesh1Low013physical constraints (terrain, climate, infrastructure)

ACAPS Humanitarian Access dataset, Sep 2026 edition (API); retrieved 2026-09-24. Scores 0 (no constraints) to 5 (extreme), from three pillars and nine indicators; countries without a tracked crisis are not listed. Nepal: the most constrained crisis is Floods in Nepal (1 of 5, Low). Bangladesh: the most constrained crisis is Multiple crises in Bangladesh (2 of 5, Moderate).

Recent disaster alerts (GDACS, 2025-09-24 to 2026-09-24) E39

CountryHazardAlertsHighest alert levelDate of highest alertLatest alert (any level)
NepalFlood7Red2026-08-262026-09-12
NepalEarthquake4Green2026-09-082026-09-08
NepalWildfire4Green2026-04-162026-04-16
NepalDrought2Green2026-01-212026-01-21
BangladeshWildfire15Green2026-04-152026-04-15
BangladeshFlood4Green2026-09-102026-09-10
BangladeshEarthquake2Orange2026-02-272026-02-27
BangladeshDrought1Green2026-01-212026-01-21

Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (UN OCHA and EU Joint Research Centre), automatic near-real-time alerts; retrieved 2026-09-24. Green = limited expected impact, Orange = moderate, Red = severe; one disaster can raise several alerts. Nepal orange/red alerts: Flood in Nepal (Red, 2026-08-26); Flood in Nepal (Orange, 2025-10-03). Bangladesh orange/red alerts: Earthquake in Bangladesh (Orange, 2026-02-27); Earthquake in Bangladesh (Orange, 2025-11-21).

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Evidence

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Show all 41 evidence cards
E1 Norwegian disbursements by year · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)
YearDisbursed (NOK)AgreementsShare of all Norwegian aid to these recipients
2021120.4 m924.4%
202284.0 m818.0%
2023125.9 m924.4%
202452.9 m312.4%
202558.4 m715.0%
Total441.6 m

Nepal, Bangladesh; DAC sectors 720, 740; 2021–2025. Trend: 120.4 m in 2021 → 58.4 m in 2025 (-51%); peak 125.9 m in 2023.

E2 Largest agreement partners · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)
PartnerTypeDisbursed (NOK)AgreementsYears
MPTF Office - Multi-Partner Trust Fund OfficeMultilateral institutions135.0 m22021–2025
FlyktninghjelpenNGO Norwegian116.4 m42021–2025
WFP - World Food ProgrammeMultilateral institutions63.0 m22021–2025
UNHCR - UN Office of the UN High Commissioner for RefugeesMultilateral institutions47.0 m32021–2025
UNFPA - UN Population FundMultilateral institutions21.8 m42021–2025
Kirkens NødhjelpNGO Norwegian19.5 m12021–2025
Norges Røde KorsNGO Norwegian15.0 m12021–2022
WHO - World Health OrganizationMultilateral institutions13.0 m32021–2023
IOM - International Organisation for MigrationMultilateral institutions6.5 m12024
UNOPS - UN Office for Project ServicesMultilateral institutions4.4 m12021–2023

Nepal, Bangladesh; DAC sectors 720, 740; 2021–2025. Agreement partner labels as recorded; not resolved organisation identities.

E3 Channels: who receives the funds · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)
Partner typeAssistance typeDisbursed (NOK)ShareAgreements
Multilateral institutionsEarmarked to multilaterals290.7 m66%16
NGO NorwegianBilateral150.9 m34%6

Nepal, Bangladesh; DAC sectors 720, 740; 2021–2025.

E4 What the money is for (sub-sectors) · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)
Sub-sectorDisbursed (NOK)Agreements
10 - Material relief assistance and services318.4 m11
40 - Emergency food assistance63.0 m2
11 - Basic Health Care Services in Emergencies34.8 m7
50 - Relief co-ordination and support services21.0 m1
12 - Education in Emergencies4.4 m1

Nepal, Bangladesh; DAC sectors 720, 740; 2021–2025.

E5 Where Norway spends in this sector (recipients) · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)
RecipientDisbursed (NOK)Rank among countries
Ukraine9,154.3 m1
Global Unspecified6,978.1 m—
Syria3,211.6 m2
Palestine2,080.6 m3
Sudan1,264.1 m4
Afghanistan1,133.9 m5
Middle East Regional1,012.7 m—
Yemen975.1 m6
Lebanon869.6 m7
South Sudan854.8 m8
Bangladesh437.2 m15
Nepal4.4 m46

All recipients; DAC sectors 720, 740; 2021–2025. 70 recipients in scope. Regional and unallocated lines (e.g. Global Unspecified) are shown but not ranked.

E6 Policy markers (share of disbursements tagged significant or principal) · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)
MarkerShare
Gender equality40%
Climate adaptation0%
Climate mitigation0%
Disability inclusion2%

Nepal, Bangladesh; DAC sectors 720, 740; 2021–2025. Donor-reported OECD policy markers; not outcome evidence.

E7 Largest agreement: Bangladesh. Humanitarian Response · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-20/0048-18 — "Bangladesh. Humanitarian Response" in Bangladesh. Partner: Flyktninghjelpen (NGO Norwegian). Sector: 10 - Material relief assistance and services. Active 2020–2024; 75.6 m NOK in the selected years; 92.1 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Humanitarian response in Bangladesh

E8 Largest agreement: UN JRP SAFE plus II · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement BGD-20/0002 — "UN JRP SAFE plus II" in Bangladesh. Partner: MPTF Office - Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office (Multilateral institutions); implementing: UNHCR - UN Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees. Sector: 10 - Material relief assistance and services. Active 2023–2025; 75.0 m NOK in the selected years; 75.0 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Extension of the UN Joint Project to address cooking fuel needs, environmental degradation and food security for populations affected by the Rohinya Refugee crisis. It aims to address short, medium and longer-term challenges with activities benefitting both the refugee and the host community populations, and contributing to social cohesion. Following the UN MPTFO operational modality, UNHCR Bangladesh (Convening Party) will implement the Project jointly with International Organisation for Migration (IOM), UN Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and World Food Programme (WFP).

E9 Largest agreement: UN Joint Project for SAFE Access to Fuel and Energy in Cox'sBazar · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement BGD-18/0002 — "UN Joint Project for SAFE Access to Fuel and Energy in Cox'sBazar" in Bangladesh. Partner: MPTF Office - Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office (Multilateral institutions); implementing: IOM - International Organisation for Migration. Sector: 10 - Material relief assistance and services. Active 2018–2022; 60.0 m NOK in the selected years; 112.0 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: UN Joint Project to address cooking fuel needs, environmental degradation and food security for populations affected by the Rohinya Refugee crisis. It aims to address short, medium and longer-term challenges with activities benefitting both the refugee and the host community populations, and contributing to social cohesion. International Organization for Migration (IOM) will execute the Project, in cooperation with UN Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and World Food Programme (WFP).

E10 Largest agreement: Emergency Food Assistance - Bangladesh Rohinga · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-22/0125-11 — "Emergency Food Assistance - Bangladesh Rohinga" in Bangladesh. Partner: WFP - World Food Programme (Multilateral institutions). Sector: 40 - Emergency food assistance. Active 2022–2025; 52.0 m NOK in the selected years; 52.0 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: WFP's operations in Bangladesh

E11 Largest agreement: Global South The Rohingya Crisis · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-20/0048-56 — "Global South The Rohingya Crisis" in Bangladesh. Partner: Flyktninghjelpen (NGO Norwegian). Sector: 10 - Material relief assistance and services. Active 2023–2023; 21.6 m NOK in the selected years; 21.6 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Global South - Response to the humanitarian consequences of the Ukraine war

E12 Largest agreement: Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-18/0302-7 — "Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh" in Bangladesh. Partner: UNHCR - UN Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (Multilateral institutions). Sector: 50 - Relief co-ordination and support services. Active 2019–2022; 21.0 m NOK in the selected years; 37.0 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. Gender is a strategic element in the program, based on a gender analysis.

E13 Largest agreement: Bangladesh rohingya · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-23/0083-11 — "Bangladesh rohingya" in Bangladesh. Partner: UNHCR - UN Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (Multilateral institutions). Sector: 10 - Material relief assistance and services. Active 2023–2025; 21.0 m NOK in the selected years; 21.0 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Bangladesh rohingya. Softly earmarked contributions to UNHCR activities and appeals 2023-2026.

E14 Largest agreement: Humanitarian asistance · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-20/0052-12 — "Humanitarian asistance" in Bangladesh. Partner: Kirkens Nødhjelp (NGO Norwegian). Sector: 10 - Material relief assistance and services. Active 2020–2025; 19.5 m NOK in the selected years; 32.4 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Save lives, alleviate suffering and protect human dignity. Focus:WASH, SGBV, ASRH and protection.

E15 Largest agreement: Bangladesh - NRC Strategic Partnership Agreement · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-25/0010-3 — "Bangladesh - NRC Strategic Partnership Agreement" in Bangladesh. Partner: Flyktninghjelpen (NGO Norwegian). Sector: 10 - Material relief assistance and services. Active 2025–2025; 18.5 m NOK in the selected years; 18.5 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Flyktninghjelpen/NRC in Bangladesh provides lifesaving, multisectoral early recovery assistance and durable solutions to vulnerable hard-to-reach and displaced persons in Bangladesh. Sectors include Education, Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). The project design is informed by a gender analysis and all indicators are disaggregated by sex.

E16 Largest agreement: Bangladesh and Rohingya crisis - humanitarian · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-20/0074-14 — "Bangladesh and Rohingya crisis - humanitarian" in Bangladesh. Partner: Norges Røde Kors (NGO Norwegian); implementing: ICRC - International Committee of the Red Cross . Sector: 10 - Material relief assistance and services. Active 2020–2022; 15.0 m NOK in the selected years; 25.0 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Bangladesh and Rohingya crisis - humanitarian - soft earmarking SGBV

E17 Related project (semantic match): UNDP-NGI Landslide Risk Management in Cox’s Bazar · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement BGD-21/0001 — "UNDP-NGI Landslide Risk Management in Cox’s Bazar" in Bangladesh. Partner: UNDP - UN Development Programme (Multilateral institutions). Sector: 60 - Disaster Risk Reduction. Active 2022–2025; 22.5 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: The Project proposed action will enhance resilience of Rohingya refugees and host-communities through improving localized landslide early warning and dissemination system, strengthening capacity of local government, humanitarian and first response agencies and implementing community-led nature-based solutions for landslide risk mitigation in underserved communities. The project will enhance functional and technical capacities of disaster management committees and DRM institutions of landslide affected areas, so that they can better plan, manage and respond to landslide disaster.

E18 Related project (semantic match): Sustainable Development Planning Project · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-16/0389-29 — "Sustainable Development Planning Project" in Nepal. Partner: Utviklingsfondet (NGO Norwegian); implementing: NCDC - Namsaling Community Development Centre, Nepal. Sector: 60 - Disaster Risk Reduction. Active 2017–2022; 8.4 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Good governance through developing multi year local government plans and civil society participation. Climate adaptation and improved livelihood of women and marginalized groups, including rebuilding after 2015 earthquake .

E19 Related project (semantic match): NOR - Climate-change Impacts Mitigation and Adaptation for Environmental Sustainability (CLIMATES) · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-18/0159-712 — "NOR - Climate-change Impacts Mitigation and Adaptation for Environmental Sustainability (CLIMATES)" in Nepal. Partner: Digni (NGO Norwegian); implementing: United Mission to Nepal. Sector: 60 - Disaster Risk Reduction. Active 2021–2022; 1.1 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Keeping livelihood enhancement, natural resource conservation and risks mitigation in centre, CLIMATES project will focus on participatory involvement of its participants. This project will work on achieving overall objective of creating resilient communities in Bungal municipality and Bogatan Fudsil rural municipality of Bajhang and Doti districts that mitigate and adapt climate shocks and stresses; adapt diversified livelihood options; and capably cope with climate induced hazards in a sustain

E20 Related project (semantic match): NOR - Climate-change Impacts Mitigation and Adaptation for Environmental Sustainability (CLIMATES) · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-18/0159-710 — "NOR - Climate-change Impacts Mitigation and Adaptation for Environmental Sustainability (CLIMATES)" in Nepal. Partner: Digni (NGO Norwegian); implementing: United Mission to Nepal. Sector: 20 - Agricultural development. Active 2021–2022; 1.5 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Keeping livelihood enhancement, natural resource conservation and risks mitigation in centre, CLIMATES project will focus on participatory involvement of its participants. This project will work on achieving overall objective of creating resilient communities in Bungal municipality and Bogatan Fudsil rural municipality of Bajhang and Doti districts that mitigate and adapt climate shocks and stresses; adapt diversified livelihood options; and capably cope with climate induced hazards in a sustain

E21 Related project (semantic match): NOR - Climate-change Impacts Mitigation and Adaptation for Environmental Sustainability (CLIMATES) · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-18/0159-709 — "NOR - Climate-change Impacts Mitigation and Adaptation for Environmental Sustainability (CLIMATES)" in Nepal. Partner: Digni (NGO Norwegian); implementing: United Mission to Nepal. Sector: 10 - Public sector policy and administrative management. Active 2021–2022; 367 k NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Keeping livelihood enhancement, natural resource conservation and risks mitigation in centre, CLIMATES project will focus on participatory involvement of its participants. This project will work on achieving overall objective of creating resilient communities in Bungal municipality and Bogatan Fudsil rural municipality of Bajhang and Doti districts that mitigate and adapt climate shocks and stresses; adapt diversified livelihood options; and capably cope with climate induced hazards in a sustain

E22 Related project (semantic match): Improved livelihoods and resilience · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-23/0188-14 — "Improved livelihoods and resilience" in Nepal. Partner: Strømmestiftelsen (NGO Norwegian); implementing: KIRDARC - Karnali Integrated Rural Development And Research Centre. Sector: 20 - Employment creation. Active 2024–2025; 13.6 m NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Poor and vulnerable communities have improved livelihoods and resilience through enhanced income generation. The program work to ensure access to public services for vulnerable groups and strengthen civil society organisations to hold governments responsible for human rights and ensure inclusive participation of citizens in decision-making. It has measures to ensure inclusion of persons with disability in all their activities. Gender equality is explicitly promoted in the activity and girls/women’s access to services promoted. The program aims to contribute to reduced social and economic inequalities between men/boys and girls/women. It also includes climate-smart agriculture and green practices such as solar energy, improved cookstoves, forest conservation and community waste management, and work with the communities to increase resilience and Disaster Risk Reduction measures, like …

E23 Related project (semantic match): NOR - Climate-change Impacts Mitigation and Adaptation for Environmental Sustainability (CLIMATES) · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-18/0159-711 — "NOR - Climate-change Impacts Mitigation and Adaptation for Environmental Sustainability (CLIMATES)" in Nepal. Partner: Digni (NGO Norwegian); implementing: United Mission to Nepal. Sector: 30 - SME development. Active 2021–2022; 734 k NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: Keeping livelihood enhancement, natural resource conservation and risks mitigation in centre, CLIMATES project will focus on participatory involvement of its participants. This project will work on achieving overall objective of creating resilient communities in Bungal municipality and Bogatan Fudsil rural municipality of Bajhang and Doti districts that mitigate and adapt climate shocks and stresses; adapt diversified livelihood options; and capably cope with climate induced hazards in a sustain

E24 Related project (semantic match): FA - Sahanasilata Bangladesh Project · Norwegian development assistance data (Norad open data)

Agreement QZA-18/0159-708 — "FA - Sahanasilata Bangladesh Project" in Bangladesh. Partner: Digni (NGO Norwegian); implementing: Salvation Army - local office. Sector: 60 - Disaster Risk Reduction. Active 2021–2022; 546 k NOK 2015–2025 total. Description: “Sahanasilata” means “Resilience” and the project’s main focus is to build resilience in areas that are very vulnerable to climate change shocks through interventions addressing improved livelihoods, climate smart agriculture, food security, water management, human rights, socio-economic empowerment and disaster preparedness. The project will intervene through farmers’ groups, self-help groups and several local community committees in local communities around 3 clusters along western Bangladesh

E25 Who else funds this: all official donors (OECD CRS) · OECD DAC Creditor Reporting System

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RankDonor2019 (USD m)2020 (USD m)2021 (USD m)2022 (USD m)2023 (USD m)2024 (USD m)Share
1United States173.3145.9258.6228.2227.2266.529%
2International Development Association [IDA]212.6207.8189.2248.8203.9224.929%
3United Kingdom167.4119.450.930.236.655.310%
4EU Institutions34.049.554.555.740.166.87%
5Australia30.150.255.241.553.147.16%
6Japan38.219.832.826.433.329.54%
7Central Emergency Response Fund [CERF]15.315.117.217.218.021.02%
8Canada24.518.418.48.28.46.02%
9Norway9.811.014.08.711.94.91%
10Germany21.918.05.12.73.83.81%
All official donors811.9703.9744.8720.2697.5800.3100%

OECD Creditor Reporting System, gross disbursements, current USD millions; recipients BGD, NPL (combined); DAC sectors 720, 740; retrieved 2026-09-24. 48 individual donors report in scope. Latest OECD year lags national data. All official donors: Trend: USD 811.9m in 2019 → USD 800.3m in 2024 (-1%); peak USD 811.9m in 2019. United States: Trend: USD 173.3m in 2019 → USD 266.5m in 2024 (+54%); peak USD 266.5m in 2024. International Development Association [IDA]: Trend: USD 212.6m in 2019 → USD 224.9m in 2024 (+6%); peak USD 248.8m in 2022. United Kingdom: Trend: USD 167.4m in 2019 → USD 55.3m in 2024 (-67%); peak USD 167.4m in 2019.

E26 Other donors' largest projects in scope (OECD CRS, 2023 to 2024) · OECD Creditor Reporting System (project-level records)

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DonorProjectChannel of deliveryRecipientDisbursed (USD m)
United StatesEmergency food assistanceWorld Food ProgrammeBangladesh98.8
International Development Association [IDA]Local Government COVID-19 Response & Recovery ProjectRecipient GovernmentBangladesh86.2
United StatesTitle II Emergency Commodity Credit Corporation FundWorld Food ProgrammeBangladesh78.0
United StatesHumanitarian AssistanceWorld Food ProgrammeBangladesh69.9
International Development Association [IDA]Bangladesh Second Recovery and Resilience DPCRecipient GovernmentBangladesh69.1
International Development Association [IDA]Bangladesh Modern Food Storage Facilities ProjectRecipient GovernmentBangladesh67.0
International Development Association [IDA]First Green and Climate Resilient Development CreditRecipient GovernmentBangladesh54.4
JapanDisaster Risk Management Enhancement ProjectRecipient GovernmentBangladesh41.2
United StatesEmergency Humanitarian AssistanceWorld Food ProgrammeBangladesh40.4
International Development Association [IDA]Accelerating Transport and Trade Connectivity in Eastern South Asia – Bangladesh Phase 1 ProjectRecipient GovernmentBangladesh35.0
Australia2022-25 Bangladesh Rohingya and Host Communities Humanitarian PackageWorld Food ProgrammeBangladesh31.4
United KingdomBangladesh RRNRP (Objective 1) - Contribution to WFP for Emergency Food Aid to Rohingya RefugeesWorld Food ProgrammeBangladesh29.4

OECD CRS project-level records, gross disbursements 2023 to 2024, current USD millions; recipients BGD, NPL; DAC sectors 720, 740; Norway excluded (see the Norwegian data); retrieved 2026-09-24. 642 projects from 45 donors report in scope. Titles and descriptions are donor-reported; a project may cover more than the sector named.

E27 Other donor's project: Tayar Nepal Improved DRM Activity (United States) · OECD Creditor Reporting System (project-level records)

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Donor: United States. Channel of delivery: Private sector in provider country. Recipient: Nepal. Purpose: Multi-hazard response preparedness. Disbursed USD 1.8m in 2023 to 2024. Description (donor-reported): Tayarwhich means preparestrengthens the capacity of Nepals disaster risk management and preparedness institutions. At the national level, the project supports national agencies, including the newly created National Disaster Management Agency (NDMA), to conduct national disaster simulations, improve disaster response technologies, and establish a National Disaster Training Academy. Locally, Tayar works with urban municipalities to develop risk-sensitive land use plans that increase disaster resilience. This local support includes technical assistance activities such as slope stabilization, humanitarian open spaces, and building retrofitting to reduce disaster risk. In the event of a disaster during the course of the project, Tayar will engage the programs rapid emergency response mechanism. The team will work closely with the Government of Nepal and Nepali emergency responders to mobilize

E28 Other donor's project: Humanitarian Assistance (United States) · OECD Creditor Reporting System (project-level records)

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Donor: United States. Channel of delivery: Donor country-based NGO. Recipient: Bangladesh. Purpose: Multi-hazard response preparedness. Disbursed USD 1.0m in 2023 to 2024. Description (donor-reported): Mobilization and formation of local volunteer groups including community disaster response teams (CDRTs), formation of sub-district, district and national level landslide task forces (LSTF), early warning system simulations, observation of World Environment Day, National Disaster Preparedness Day (NDPD), International Day for Disaster Reduction (IDDR), training volunteer groups on first aid, search and rescue, installation of rain gauges, training community volunteer groups on rain gauge operation and maintenance, integration of on-cast rainfall data into bmd portal for assembling and forecasting, standardization of LEWS protocol and validation, strengthening and capacity building of UDC and DMC structure on LEWS, rainfall data collection and sharing, plantation for land stabilization, HHS level session to build awareness on landslide risks and early warning, coordination and disseminati

E29 Other donor's project: Action Against Hunger: HUM 2021-2025 (Sweden) · OECD Creditor Reporting System (project-level records)

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Donor: Sweden. Channel of delivery: International NGO. Recipient: Bangladesh. Purpose: Material relief assistance and services. Disbursed USD 2.0m in 2024. Description (donor-reported): Based on the results of Sida's humanitarian allocation process carried out at the end of 2021, an agreement between Sida and AAH was signed for humanitarian funding in a number of selected crises during 2022-2025 (Agreement ID 14398A01). The decision on contribution (010195/21) together with number of supplementary decisions, enable financial support to AAH amounting to a total of SEK 1,686,045,466.Within the current agreement, the following modalities of support are funded in 2024:1. Country Programmes/annual projects in 8 countries – SEK 112, 500,000,2. Multi-year projects in 11 countries – SEK 174,000,000,2. Rapid Response Mechanism – SEK 50,000,000 SEK,3. Capacity Building/Method Support – 6 MSEK,During 2024, the programme and project support cover the following countries/crises: Bangladesh, Honduras, Kenya, Myanmar, Niger, Nigeria, South Sudan, Sudan and Uganda. In addition, the fol

E30 Other donor's project: NRC's Humanitarian Programme 2021-2025 - NRC Humanitarian Country programmes 2021-2025 (Sweden) · OECD Creditor Reporting System (project-level records)

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Donor: Sweden. Channel of delivery: Donor country-based NGO. Recipient: Bangladesh. Purpose: Material relief assistance and services. Disbursed USD 0.9m in 2024. Description (donor-reported): NRC has applied as well to Sida for funding of 364.5 million SEK to carry out the Humanitarian Programme for 2021 in 26 humanitarian crisis settings: Afghanistan, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Libya, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Honduras, El Salvador, Mexico, Palestine, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania/Burundi, Uganda, Venezuela, Yemen. The application includes provision of 40 million SEK to replenish the Rapid Response Mechanism funding instrument and 7 individual projects for method, capacity-building and coordination.The intervention's tentative total budget is 4 263 200 000 Norwegian krona (NOK), that the organisation is financing with Sida's funding in a proportion of 8% approximately. Other donors, like the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, DG ECHO, UNHCR, et

E31 Other donor's project: Bangladesh RRNRP (Objective 1) - Contribution to WFP for Emergency Food Aid to Rohingya Refugees (United Kingdom) · OECD Creditor Reporting System (project-level records)

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Donor: United Kingdom. Channel of delivery: World Food Programme. Recipient: Bangladesh. Purpose: Emergency food assistance; Relief co-ordination and support services. Disbursed USD 29.4m in 2023 to 2024. Description (donor-reported): To improve protection and quality of humanitarian assistance for the Rohingya population living in refugee camps in southern Bangladesh, so that they can live full and meaningful lives. This to be done peacefully living alongside host communities, for whom the impacts of the crisis need to be reduced and development opportunities provided. The programme marks a shift in FCDO's (Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office) response to the crisis by providing longer term, predictable support to address the needs of both refugees and host communities. Whilst the focus will be on sustaining and improving the humanitarian operation through provision of quality basic services, there will be a specific focus on stimulating the economy, rehabilitating the environment, and promoting stability for both populations' benefit. The programme aim to support COVID-19 and early emergency recovery suppor

E32 Other donor's project: Protection and empowerment of Rohingya refugees and host communities in Bangladesh (EU Institutions) · OECD Creditor Reporting System (project-level records)

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Donor: EU Institutions. Channel of delivery: United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees. Recipient: Bangladesh. Purpose: Material relief assistance and services. Disbursed USD 8.1m in 2024. Description (donor-reported): Via this project, UNHCR and other partners will maintain adequate protection space and living conditions for refugees. Enhancing skills development and livelihood opportunities for refugees and maintaining support to the GoB, in line with the spirit of the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR), will be essential to achieving these overarching objectives. UNHCR strives to ensure an environment where the basic rights of refugees are respected through strategic advocacy, interventions and capacity building. UNHCR will continue to lead and coordinate the protection response, ensure protection mainstreaming and reinforce efforts to strengthen the prevention, mitigation and response to GBV. UNHCR will focus on ensuring access to essential and sustainable services and promoting activities centred on climate resilience. Promoting green livelihoods and ensuring access to basic energy services for cook

E33 Donors' total aid (net ODA), all recipients (2021 to 2025, 2025 provisional) · OECD DAC1 (includes preliminary data)

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Donor2021 (USD m)2022 (USD m)2023 (USD m)2024 (USD m)2025 (USD m) provisional
United States47,528.260,328.764,461.965,336.829,021.9
United Kingdom16,277.815,761.318,615.716,269.516,365.1
EU Institutions20,639.127,165.937,544.235,654.152,904.8
Australia3,546.43,078.83,250.53,654.83,244.6
Japan15,767.016,747.318,661.915,245.913,523.6
Canada6,257.79,274.19,058.08,422.910,131.3
Norway4,673.05,161.05,292.94,905.35,156.8
Germany32,455.636,444.641,253.333,249.328,032.0

OECD DAC1, net ODA disbursements to all recipients and sectors, current USD millions; retrieved 2026-09-24. Shows each donor's overall aid, not its spending in this country or sector. 2025 figures are the OECD's preliminary estimates of aid already disbursed that year (not forecasts) and may be revised. United States: USD 65,336.8m in 2024 → USD 29,021.9m in 2025 (-56% in one year). United Kingdom: USD 16,269.5m in 2024 → USD 16,365.1m in 2025 (+1% in one year). EU Institutions: USD 35,654.1m in 2024 → USD 52,904.8m in 2025 (+48% in one year). Australia: USD 3,654.8m in 2024 → USD 3,244.6m in 2025 (-11% in one year). Japan: USD 15,245.9m in 2024 → USD 13,523.6m in 2025 (-11% in one year). The same donors in this country and sector (OECD CRS, gross disbursements; ends earlier): United States: USD 173.3m in 2019 → USD 266.5m in 2024. United Kingdom: USD 167.4m in 2019 → USD 55.3m in 2024. EU Institutions: USD 34.0m in 2019 → USD 66.8m in 2024. Australia: USD 30.1m in 2019 → USD 47.1m in 2024. Japan: USD 38.2m in 2019 → USD 29.5m in 2024. Canada: USD 24.5m in 2019 → USD 6.0m in 2024. Norway: USD 9.8m in 2019 → USD 4.9m in 2024. Germany: USD 21.9m in 2019 → USD 3.8m in 2024.

E34 Crisis risk: INFORM Risk Index 2026 · INFORM Risk Index (EU Joint Research Centre)

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CountryINFORM Risk 2026 (0-10)ClassRank (1 = highest risk)Hazard & exposureVulnerabilityLack of coping capacityINFORM Risk 2022
Nepal5.5High43 of 1916.04.85.85.0
Bangladesh6.0High28 of 1918.46.24.25.7

INFORM Risk Index 2026, EU Joint Research Centre with IASC partners; retrieved 2026-09-24. Scores 0-10, higher means a higher risk that a humanitarian crisis overwhelms national capacity; the earlier score is from the published edition of that year, whose method differed slightly. Nepal: the highest of the three dimensions is Hazard & exposure (6.0); read the score through that dimension. Nepal: INFORM Risk 5.0 in 2022 → 5.5 in 2026 (High → High). Bangladesh: the highest of the three dimensions is Hazard & exposure (8.4); read the score through that dimension. Bangladesh: INFORM Risk 5.7 in 2022 → 6.0 in 2026 (High → High).

E35 Humanitarian crisis severity: INFORM Severity - August 2026 · ACAPS INFORM Severity Index (via HDX)

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CountryCrisisDriversSeverity (1-10)CategoryTrend (last 3 months)Complexity (1-10)Data reliability
BangladeshClimatic shocks and political/economic crisis in BangladeshCyclone, Floods, Political/economic crisis6.6HighIncreasing3.7Medium
BangladeshDisplacement of Rohingyas to BangladeshInternational Displacement5.9MediumDecreasing4.6Very High
NepalFloods in NepalFloods4.3Mediumnew or no trend5.1High

ACAPS INFORM Severity Index, monthly edition published on the Humanitarian Data Exchange; retrieved 2026-09-24. It rates the severity of ongoing crises (impact, conditions of people affected, complexity); countries without an active crisis are not listed.

E36 Humanitarian access constraints: ACAPS, Sep 2026 · ACAPS Humanitarian Access

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CountryCrisisAccess constraints (0-5)LevelPeople's access to aidAid actors' access to peopleSecurity and physical constraintsStrongest constraints
NepalFloods in Nepal1Low013physical constraints (terrain, climate, infrastructure)
BangladeshMultiple crises in Bangladesh2Moderate223obstructed access to services and aid; interference in humanitarian work; physical constraints (terrain, climate, infrastructure)
BangladeshDisplacement of Rohingyas to Bangladesh2Moderate223obstructed access to services and aid; interference in humanitarian work
BangladeshClimatic shocks and political/economic crisis in Bangladesh1Low013physical constraints (terrain, climate, infrastructure)

ACAPS Humanitarian Access dataset, Sep 2026 edition (API); retrieved 2026-09-24. Scores 0 (no constraints) to 5 (extreme), from three pillars and nine indicators; countries without a tracked crisis are not listed. Nepal: the most constrained crisis is Floods in Nepal (1 of 5, Low). Bangladesh: the most constrained crisis is Multiple crises in Bangladesh (2 of 5, Moderate).

E37 Displacement: people hosted (2025, UNHCR) · UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics

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CountryYearRefugees hostedAsylum seekersInternally displaced
Nepal202519,613302not reported
Bangladesh20251,178,03867not reported

UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics API, end-year figures by country of asylum; retrieved 2026-09-24. Internally displaced counts cover people UNHCR protects or assists and may be zero where it does not report them.

E38 Economic outlook (IMF World Economic Outlook) · IMF World Economic Outlook

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CountryMeasure20252026 (projection)2027 (projection)
NepalReal GDP growth (%)4.63.04.6
BangladeshReal GDP growth (%)3.54.74.3
NepalInflation, average consumer prices (%)4.13.15.0
BangladeshInflation, average consumer prices (%)10.09.26.0
NepalGovernment gross debt (% of GDP)48.149.649.4
BangladeshGovernment gross debt (% of GDP)42.041.843.2

IMF World Economic Outlook via the DataMapper API; retrieved 2026-09-24. 2026 and 2027 are IMF projections and are revised twice a year.

E39 Recent disaster alerts (GDACS, 2025-09-24 to 2026-09-24) · GDACS (UN OCHA and EU Joint Research Centre)

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CountryHazardAlertsHighest alert levelDate of highest alertLatest alert (any level)
NepalFlood7Red2026-08-262026-09-12
NepalEarthquake4Green2026-09-082026-09-08
NepalWildfire4Green2026-04-162026-04-16
NepalDrought2Green2026-01-212026-01-21
BangladeshWildfire15Green2026-04-152026-04-15
BangladeshFlood4Green2026-09-102026-09-10
BangladeshEarthquake2Orange2026-02-272026-02-27
BangladeshDrought1Green2026-01-212026-01-21

Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (UN OCHA and EU Joint Research Centre), automatic near-real-time alerts; retrieved 2026-09-24. Green = limited expected impact, Orange = moderate, Red = severe; one disaster can raise several alerts. Nepal orange/red alerts: Flood in Nepal (Red, 2026-08-26); Flood in Nepal (Orange, 2025-10-03). Bangladesh orange/red alerts: Earthquake in Bangladesh (Orange, 2026-02-27); Earthquake in Bangladesh (Orange, 2025-11-21).

E40 Governance and investment climate · World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators

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CountryMeasureScoreYearScore 2019
NepalControl of corruption35202433
NepalPolitical stability and absence of violence59202459
NepalRegulatory quality46202446
NepalGovernment effectiveness34202430
NepalRule of law52202450
NepalVoice and accountability56202454
NepalFDI net inflows (% of GDP)0.12024
BangladeshControl of corruption26202426
BangladeshPolitical stability and absence of violence41202449
BangladeshRegulatory quality40202441
BangladeshGovernment effectiveness39202440
BangladeshRule of law40202441
BangladeshVoice and accountability37202440
BangladeshFDI net inflows (% of GDP)0.42025

World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators (scores 0-100, higher is better; perception-based composites with wide margins of error) and World Development Indicators for FDI; retrieved 2026-09-24. WGI scores rank countries relative to each other; small differences are not meaningful.

E41 Country indicators — Nepal, Bangladesh · World Bank World Development Indicators

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CountryIndicatorValueYear
BangladeshPopulation175,686,8992025
BangladeshPoverty headcount at $3.00/day (% of population)5.92022
NepalPopulation29,618,1182025
NepalPoverty headcount at $3.00/day (% of population)2.42022

World Bank World Development Indicators, most recent value; retrieved 2026-09-24. Most recent non-empty year differs by indicator.

How this brief was made

Scoped as: The reader needs a concise overview of current flood risks, access constraints, and the landscape of other funders for flood preparedness and emergency response initiatives in Nepal and Bangladesh.

Data path: Norwegian aid open data → Databricks Delta (bronze/silver/gold, reconciled) → Lakebase Postgres serving tables → SQL aggregates + pgvector semantic search over 20k agreement descriptions. Live: OECD CRS (all donors), World Bank WDI, Google Search grounding.

Models: plan gemini-2.5-flash, brief gemini-3.1-pro-preview (HIGH). Timings (s): inform 0.0, governance 0.0, outlook 0.0, severity 0.0, access 0.0, refugees 0.9, humanitarian 0.97, disasters 1.34, portfolio 2.37, oecd 8.02, oecd_totals 8.0, indicators 11.81, oecd_projects 13.01, plan 7.73, web 19.22, web_compare 5.05, compose 42.09, total 67.9.

Trace checks:

Draft for review. Figures come from the evidence cards; highlighted figures could not be traced automatically. Web research is a lead, not verified evidence.

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